There are many situations, such as those in emergency environmental conditions, where we are limited in crossing land due to safety limitations. Additionally normal vehicles have difficulty navigating uneven terrain. Google recently acquired Boston Dynamics, which describes itself as ‘an engineering company that specializes in building dynamic robots and software for human simulation.’ This company lists 9 robots on its website, each with a different shape, function, speed to perform a variety of tasks. The machines are impressive in size and ability to simulate locomotion on uneven terrain and different inclines. One of these robots is “BigDog,”a crude-looking beast which weighs in at 240 lbs and is about 2.5 feet tall, designed to mimic the size of a large dog or mule. This robotic animal ‘runs at 4 mph, climbs slopes up to 35 degrees, walks across rubble, climbs muddy hiking trails, walks in snow and water, and carries 340 lb load.’ Unlike a car which is limited in uneven terrain, this machine can stand, walk, trot, run, crawl, and gallop. Components include heat exchanger, engine, computer, actuators, leg spring, and force sensor. Simulated animal joints include hip, knee, ankle and foot. Though this machine is still being improved for noise, righting, autonomy and navigating even rougher terrain, it can provide many uses in which we are currently limited.
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The purpose of this blog is to connect robotics to industry. However, as a physical therapist, I have to say I am personally vested in the amazing products that have been developed for rehabilitation in the past few years. The ReWalk is another great product that allows for the mobility of those who are otherwise wheelchair bound. A bionic exoskeleton with forearm crutches allows those with lower body impairments to stand, walk, and see others ‘face to face,’ as their website points out. Additionally, ReWalk also allows for clients to participate in exercise that is otherwise unfeasible due to their physical limitations. Their models are available at a number of rehabilitation centers throughout the US, Europe, and Israel.
Update: The ReWalk has now been cleared by the FDA for personal use outside of rehabilitation centers.
This won’t be a very indepth post other than to say that I went to Barbot, an event which is a part of the Bay Area Science Festival. While I can’t deny that actual bartenders are an integral part of socializing and the bar experience, it is pretty awesome to be served a cocktail by a robot. Perhaps something at weddings and parties to entertain the crowd. I have to say, the robots served some stiff drinks. Some were programmed to make multiple cocktails adjusted to strength and flavor. My favorite was a Mai Tai robot. The photo does not do it justice.

The benefits of having a pet are well known, and animal-assisted therapy is widely used in hospitals and rehabilitation centers to comfort and engage patients. Of course, you don’t have to have a medical condition to benefit from animal companionship. I remember witnessing two black labs tear through a spinal cord rehabilitation unit, they ran all over all the mats, jumped on everything, and in a controlled medical environment it was refreshing and put a smile on everyone’s face.
For those with dementia, or alzheimer’s, taking care of a pet is normally not an option. Elderly people with altered mental states can be forgetful, neglectful, and are unable to safely and consistently care for other living beings. Developed about 10 years ago, the Paro Robot is a brilliant product, it is a robot harp seal with the characteristics of a pet such as sound and name recognition, tactile sensors, and emotional displays. It has hypoallergenic “fur, ” encourages communication and relaxation. More information is available on the website, but use of the Paro is backed by patient questionnaires indicating a decrease in depression and improvement in mood with use of Paro. While “robot therapy” may seem like an oxymoron term, a product such as this that may improve the quality of life of those with dementia and alzheimer’s whose days may otherwise be filled with fear, confusion and loneliness. In less extreme cases, they can do what any pet will do; make your day just a little better.

Additionally, this is a study published in 2011 in Gerontology examining the benefits of robot therapy (including the paro robot):It goes into detail into the function and use of the Paro, which is pretty amazing.

In order to achieve and recreate anything in a higher function, you must always first understand the basics. The Mobot by Barobo does just this. It is a modular robot designed to help K-12 students understand not only how to control, but configure and program a basic robot. The different components easily connect to each other to help enhance creativity and innovation. The beauty of this is that it is basic and affordable, a teacher can easily purchase a unit for a classroom setting; an entire kit can be purchased for approximately 140 dollars.
There are some classroom experiences that stay with you and wet your interest for choices that you make later in life. For me these experiences were rooted in the sciences, especially labs in which we were given hands on exposure to topics of education. There is something about physically connecting to what you are learning; the tactile feedback not only appeals to kinesthetic learners, but allows someone such as a future engineer to see and experience the results of their labor. A product such as this simple modular robot that allows such input and creativity will help fuel interest for future design and innovation.
source: inquisitor.com (http://www.inquisitr.com/wp-content/2011/12/ekso.jpg)
We spend the first year of our lives preparing to take our first step, and so begins our life as creatures who rely on our two legs to ambulate. There probably appears nothing as devastating as losing this function, only to be confined to a wheelchair. This often happens to otherwise young and healthy individuals as the result of a spinal cord injury, injuring the nerves that send signals to the muscles they control. The higher up the injury is toward the head, the more muscles are affected. Those with injuries to the spinal cord in the lower back will lose function of their leg muscles; their arm muscles are not affected and thus allow them to propel a wheelchair or crutches.
We are made to walk, and not sit; thus long term use of a wheelchair not only affects muscle tone but also digestion and other vital bodily functions. The sooner someone can stand up and begin walking again after injury, the less long term effects there are on the body.
Robotics exist to fill the need for those functions that we can either not fulfill or are unable to perform efficiently, and walking is no exception. There are several companies in recent years which have released products which allow wheelchair-bound people with paralysis to stand and walk. One of these companies is Ekso Bionics, which has produced an amazing bionic exoskeleton that does just that; their tagline on their website states “Ekso is the bionic exoskeleton that allows wheelchair users to stand and walk.” Their product consists of a lithium battery powered exoskeleton which powers motors at the hip and knee, along with crutches or a walker. There are several modes which meet client needs, one of which amazingly adjusts power to one side when only one side is affected by injury such as stroke.
Currently the product is available only for use in rehabilitation centers under the supervision of a physical therapist, but the website states a personal version for home use may be launched as early as next year.
Read more at http://www.eskobionics.com

